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硝梟綺譚研究室 • 硝梟綺譚研究室(十一)【屍解林塋:杖解(上)】
最后更新: 2023年11月4日 上午10:34
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屍解成仙、虹化為佛。
所謂「屍解」,源自道教秘法,欲羽化升仙,必先捨除肉竅(肉身),坐死空谷、立化幽岩,以求脫劫飛升,若說屍解是道士修行後留下的大體,亦不為過。
「解形托象、蛇蛻蟬飛」,先死後蛻者,稱「屍解仙」,屍解方法眾多,可分水盪火煉、借物逸去等。例如火解,將丹藥塗於火炭,他人見之,修行者本人或其影子,則會被煉燒,以完成仙法。其實仔細探究,可分析仙法本身,鎔鑄民俗思想,相傳人有三魂七魄,其中地魂正是常居影子中,故燒去影子,人也就離世,符合「鬼無影」、「踩影壓魂」之禁忌。
再如杖解、兵解,即指遭遇刑殺者,和戰死沙場者,以竹杖代形,普遍一說,取靈山上陽向之竹,每杖須七節,蠟封兩端口,第一節通天,第七節立地,第二至六節,敕五色帝符,並蓋上元始章、五帝章。此屍解法,或可視為「悼念死者的一種彌補」。杖解、兵解之死者,因經歷刑殺、戰場,多半屍體完整度不高,故以象徵「君子品德」的竹子,暫代軀體,衣冠塚亦是相近概念。臺灣另有「竹篙鬼」、「竹竿鬼」怪談,細察其文化背景,源自百姓賴以生存的經濟價值,竹枝製作各種器物,竹葉提升料理美味,而竹筍、竹米更是高端食材,由於竹筍乃半夜採挖,夜半行經竹林,不免心生想像,或嚇阻盜採。竹子意象多面,可君子、可成仙、可變鬼。
水解,謂沉水溺死而得道者。劍解,雷同杖解,改為以劍解形,姬朦煙使用匡夷劍修習術式,即偏向劍解。
──節錄自硝梟《京都百鬼咒術篇.第二五章屍解林塋》
硝梟綺譚研究室,歡迎各位留言談鬼。
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